Amber Fort, Jaipur
Amber Fort, also known as Amer Fort, is one of the most famous and majestic forts in India, located in Jaipur, Rajasthan. A blend of Hindu and Mughal architectural styles, Amber Fort is a remarkable example of the grandeur of Rajasthan’s royal heritage. Situated on a hilltop, it offers a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape, including the Maota Lake.
History of Amber Fort
- Amber Fort's history dates back to 1592, when it was initially built by Maharaja Man Singh I, one of the most prominent kings of the Kachwaha dynasty. The fort was expanded and beautified by his successors, particularly Maharaja Jai Singh II, who later founded the city of Jaipur.
- The fort served as the capital of the Kachwaha Rajputs before the capital was moved to Jaipur in 1727.
- The fort was originally constructed to be both a military stronghold and a royal residence. Over time, it became a symbol of power and royal splendor.
Architecture of Amber Fort
Amber Fort is a stunning example of Rajput architecture, with Mughal influences. The fort is built using red sandstone and marble, creating a unique architectural harmony.
Main Gate (Suraj Pol):
- The Suraj Pol (Sun Gate) is the primary entrance of the fort. This gate opens into the Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience) and is adorned with intricate carvings and murals. It’s a striking example of Rajput architecture, reflecting the opulence of the royal family.
Jaleb Chowk:
- This is the first courtyard in the fort. It was used for military purposes and is a large open space where soldiers would assemble. The area is surrounded by high walls and gives access to the royal chambers.
Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience):
- The Diwan-i-Aam is where the king would meet his subjects to hear their grievances. It’s a large hall with marble pillars, intricate carvings, and decorative arches. This hall gives a glimpse of the royal governance of the time.
Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience):
- A more private area of the fort, this hall is where the king would meet with trusted officials and dignitaries. It is made of white marble and decorated with beautiful mirrors and inlaid artwork, including precious stones.
Sheesh Mahal (Mirror Palace):
- One of the most beautiful and famous parts of Amber Fort, the Sheesh Mahal or Mirror Palace is renowned for its exquisite mirror work. The palace is designed in such a way that even the smallest light reflects off the mirrors, creating a dazzling effect. This served as a women’s quarters where royal women would relax and enjoy the serene ambiance.
Sukh Niwas (Pleasure Palace):
- The Sukh Niwas is another stunning part of the fort, designed as a summer retreat for the royal family. It has a cool water channel system that brought cool air into the chambers, keeping the palace comfortable even during hot weather.
Zenana (Women's Quarters):
- The Zenana section of the fort housed the women of the royal family. This area is designed with intricate jharokhas (overhanging balconies), intricate screens, and frescoes that made it a private and protected part of the palace.
Maota Lake:
- The fort is situated beside Maota Lake, which served as a water source for the fort. The reflection of Amber Fort on the lake’s surface adds to the fort's beauty, making it a picturesque sight, especially during sunset.
Amber Fort's Layout
Amber Fort is divided into four main sections:
The Entrance: The entrance to the fort is through the Suraj Pol, a large and decorative gate, leading to the Jaleb Chowk, a large open courtyard where soldiers and animals were assembled.
The First Courtyard: This leads into the Diwan-i-Aam, a large hall where the king would meet his subjects.
The Second Courtyard: The second courtyard contains the Diwan-i-Khas, the Sheesh Mahal, and the Sukh Niwas, areas used by the royal family and high officials.
The Third and Fourth Courtyards: These areas consist of the Zenana (the women's quarters), with several living spaces and private rooms, decorated with intricate artwork and beautiful designs.
Things to Do at Amber Fort
- Elephant Ride:
- Visitors can take a traditional elephant ride up to the fort, a popular way to experience the grandeur of the fort and its surroundings. The ride takes you to the Suraj Pol, the main entrance of the fort.
- Sound and Light Show:
- The Sound and Light Show at Amber Fort is a unique experience that narrates the history of the fort and the Kachwaha Rajputs through a combination of dramatic lighting and narration. The show takes place in the evening and adds a magical touch to your visit.
- Photography:
- The fort offers some spectacular photography opportunities. The reflection of the fort in Maota Lake, the intricate designs of the Sheesh Mahal, and the grand courtyards make for stunning photographs.
- Shopping:
- There are local markets near the fort where visitors can buy traditional Rajasthani handicrafts, textiles, and jewelry.
How to Reach Amber Fort
By Road: Amber Fort is located around 11 kilometers from Jaipur city center. Taxis, auto-rickshaws, and private cars can be hired to reach the fort.
By Bus: Public buses and private tour buses operate routes to Amber Fort from various parts of Jaipur.
By Elephant Ride: Visitors can opt for an elephant ride from the base of the fort to the top, which is a traditional method of ascent.
Best Time to Visit Amber Fort
- The best time to visit Amber Fort is during the winter months (October to March) when the weather is pleasant and cool. Summers in Jaipur can be extremely hot, making it uncomfortable for sightseeing.
- Early mornings or late afternoons are the best times to avoid the crowds and to enjoy the fort in cooler temperatures.